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Riozid
is an antituberculous combination of Rifampicin,
which is bactericidal through inhibition
of DNA -dependant RNA polymerase in susceptible
cells; and isoniazid which acts against
actively growing tubercle bacilli .
After oral administration, peak plasma
concentrations for rifampicin occur 1.5
to 3 hours and within 1 to 2 hours for
isoniazid . The plasma half life for rifampicin
is about 3 hours and its elimination occurs
mainly through the bile and to a much
lesser extent through urine. Isoniazid
diffuses readily into all body fluids
, tissues organs and excreta. It is metabolised
in liver and about 50 to 70 % of the dose
is excreted in urine in 24 hours 
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| Indications
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| All forms
of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. |
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| Dosage
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Two Riozid capsules,equivalent
(600 mg. rifampicin, 300 mg. isoniazid)
once daily, administered one hour before
or two hour after a meal. Concomitant
administration of pyridoxine is recommended
in those predisposed to neuropathy and
in adolescents. |
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| Contraindications
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Previous isoniazid-associated
hepatic injury , severe adverse reactions
to isoniazid, such as drug fever, chills,
arthritis and acute liver disease of any
etiology. A history of previous hypersensitivity
reaction to any of the rifamycins or to
isoniazid.
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| Precautions
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Rifampicin is not recommended for intermittent
therapy, since rare renal hypersensitivity
reactions have been reported when therapy
was resumed in such cases .
Rifampicin has been observed to increase
the requirements for anticoagulant drugs
of coumarin type .
Urine, feces,saliva,sputum,sweat and tears
may be colored red-orange by rifampicin
and its metabolites.
Use of isonaizid may decrease the excretion
of phenytoin and may enhance its effects
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Daily ingestion of alcohol may be associated
with a higher incidence of isoniazid hepatitis.
Use of isoniazid should be carefully monitored
in patients with chronic liver disease
or severe renal dysfunction.
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| Use in
Pregnancy and Lactation : |
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Although rifampicin has
been reported to cross the placental barrier
and appear in cord blood, its effect on
human fetus is not known. The possible
teratogenic potential in woman capable
of bearing children should be weighed
against the benefits of therapy.
Isoniazid should be prescribed during
pregnancy only when therapeutically necessary.
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| Side
Effects : |
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| Rifampicin:
headache, drowsiness,
fatigue, visual disturbances, heart burn,
nausea, vomiting, transient elevation
in liver enzymes, rarely hepatitis, elevation
in BUN and serum uric acid. Rarely haemolysis,
haematuria, acute renal failure Thrombocytopenia
,transient leukopenia, pruritis and rash. |
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| Isoniazid
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Peripheral neuritis, nausea,
vomiting, elevated liver enzymes and sometimes
fatal hepatitis, agranulocytosis, thtrombocytopenia,
fever, rash and pyridoxine deficiency.
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| Package
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Boxes of 8 capsules each. |
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